Why sandblasting?
A train’s sand reservoir is far from being a decorative element: it is an essential safety device designed to improve the adhesion between the wheels and the rails. Its role is crucial under certain operating conditions.
Why apply sand to the tracks?
Train wheels, like the tracks, are made of steel. This metal-to-metal contact naturally offers limited traction, which deteriorates significantly when:
- rain, snow, or ice are present;
- dead leaves are crushed on the tracks;
- dust, oil, or moisture accumulates.
In these situations, the wheels can slip when starting or skid during braking, posing a risk to safety and operational reliability.
The role of the sand reservoir
- The sandblasting system consists of a reservoir containing dry sand.
- When activated by the driver, a flow of compressed air propels the sand onto the tracks, just ahead of the driving wheels.
- The sand increases the coefficient of friction between the wheel and the rail, thus improving:
- traction when starting;
- braking efficiency, by limiting slippage;
- the accuracy of the stop, particularly in stations or when approaching signals.
On which trains?
Sandblasting is a widely used equipment. It can be found on:
- freight trains;
- passenger trains;
- subways;
- trams;
- and some high-speed trains (TGVs), particularly in areas identified as having a high risk of loss of traction.
Case study
In autumn, fallen leaves crushed on the tracks pose a significant challenge to railway operations. They form a pasty, extremely slippery film, with effects comparable to those of soap.
Under these conditions, sand becomes an essential solution, a true anti-slip weapon against “slippery rails.”
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